diesel-mechanical railcar

diesel-mechanical locomotive

The reductions can be secured by using alternative fuels and propulsion systems but also through greater use of hybrid engines, improved petrol engines, greater use of diesel engines and by downsizing of engines supplemented by turbo-chargers, as well as through further development of powertrains, reductions in vehicle weights through greater use of aluminium, installation of stop-start mechanisms, enhanced gearing, improved aerodynamic design, use of reduced friction lubricants and ball bearings, installation of more efficient air conditioning systems and use of low roll resistance tyres.

As already mentioned all associations declared in their respective commitment that they would meet the final target by mainly technological developments and market changes linked to these developments. Such developments contributed indeed to the reductions achieved so far (mainly the introduction of High Speed Direct Injection Diesel (HDI) engines and to less extent by the introduction of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines, Continuously Variable Transmission, (CVT), Variable Valve Lift (VVL), as well as other technical improvemen ...[+++]ts, and Alternative Fuelled Vehicles (AFVs) as well as Dual Fuelled Vehicles (DFV)).

Technological developments contributed to the reductions achieved so far (mainly through the introduction of High Speed Direct Injection Diesel (HDI) Engines and to a lesser extent through the introduction of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines, Continuously Variable Transmission and "Mini Cars") as well as other measures and achievements. [22]